What world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace, though the United States never joined?

• A. League of Nations
• B. United Nations
• C. NATO
• D. Warsaw Pact

Answer: (A)

You're being asked to identify the organization created after World War I to promote international cooperation and peace, a group the United States did not join. That organization is the League of Nations. It was established in 1920 as part of the Treaty of Versailles with the idea that nations could settle disputes through dialogue and collective security rather than war. The United States chose not to join, reflecting the era’s preference for avoiding entangling alliances; the Senate did not ratify the treaty, so America stayed outside even though it played a major role in ending the war. The League aimed to prevent future conflicts and provide a diplomatic forum, but it lacked real enforcement power and failed to stop aggression in the 1930s. After World War II, the United Nations was created in 1945 to carry forward the goal of international cooperation with broader participation and stronger mechanisms. NATO and the Warsaw Pact came later, in the mid-to-late 20th century, so they don’t fit the 1920 establishment and peace-keeping focus described here.