Which amendment grants citizenship to former slaves and requires due process and equal protection?

• A. 14th Amendment
• B. 13th Amendment
• C. 15th Amendment
• D. 19th Amendment

Answer: (A)

This question asks you to identify the amendment that both grants citizenship to former slaves and guarantees due process and equal protection under the law. The amendment that does all of this includes the Citizenship Clause, the Due Process Clause, and the Equal Protection Clause. The Citizenship Clause establishes birthright citizenship for anyone born in the United States, including former slaves. The Due Process Clause protects individuals from being deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair legal procedures. The Equal Protection Clause requires states to treat people equally under the law. This set of protections was added during Reconstruction to secure rights for newly freed people. The other amendments you might think of—one that abolished slavery, another that protected voting rights regardless of race, and another that extended voting rights to women—do not provide this combination of citizenship status plus due process and equal protection. So, the correct one is the amendment that includes all three clauses.