Which president implemented the New Deal programs during the 1930s?

• A. Harry S. Truman
• B. Franklin D. Roosevelt
• C. Woodrow Wilson
• D. Herbert Hoover

Answer: (B)

Franklin D. Roosevelt led the New Deal in the 1930s, introducing a broad set of federal relief, recovery, and reform programs to combat the Great Depression. After taking office in 1933, he pushed measures that created jobs and modernized the economy, such as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public Works Administration, the Works Progress Administration, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Financial reforms like the Glass-Steagall Act and the establishment of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation helped restore trust in banks, while the Social Security Act of 1935 built a safety net for the elderly and unemployed. These efforts signaled a shift toward greater federal responsibility in the economy. In contrast, Herbert Hoover relied more on voluntary relief and local efforts; Woodrow Wilson’s reforms came earlier in the Progressive Era, and Harry S. Truman’s major reforms followed World War II.